Voice over internet protocol gateway and a method for controllling the same

ABSTRACT

A voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway includes a foreign exchange office (FXO), a foreign exchange station (FXS), and a VoIP processor. A controller of the VoIP gateway sets the VoIP gateway to either a TANDEM (trunk and ENM (ear and mouth)) mode or a standalone mode. In the TANDEM mode, the VoIP gateway transmits an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXO and an outgoing call from the FXS to the VoIP processor. In the standalone mode, the VoIP gateway transmits the incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXS and the outgoing call from the FXS to the VoIP.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

[0001] This application makes reference to, incorporates the same herein, and claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. §119 from the application entitled VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL GATEWAY AND A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME” filed in the Korean Industrial Property Office on May 26, 2001 and there duly assigned Serial No.2001-29286, and the application entitled VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL GATEWAY AND A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME filed in the Korean Industrial Property Office on Nov. 8, 2001 and there duly assigned Serial No. 2001-69603.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates generally to a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway system and, in particular, to a VoIP gateway for supporting a VoIP call of a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) or a key phone system that has only a foreign exchange office (FXO), and to a method for controlling the same.

[0004] 2. Related Art

[0005] A voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway system transmits voice and facsimile data received from a public switched telephone network (PSTN) to an Internet protocol (IP) network after real time compression and protocol conversion. Also, a VoIP board built into the VoIP gateway system converts audio data used by the PSTN into data used in the IP network. That is, the VoIP board with a VoIP gateway function of enabling a telephone call over the Internet supports the H.323 V3 protocol.

[0006] A foreign exchange office (FXO), typically implemented in the form of a board, provides an office line interface for an exchange. A foreign exchange station (FXS), also implemented in the form of a board, provides an extension line interface. A VoIP processor, also implemented in the form of a board, converts the audio data received from the PSTN into data used in the IP network. A controller in the form of a media gateway control board (MGCB) controls the FXO, the FXS, and the VoIP processor, thereby totally controlling the entire operation of the VoIP gateway (VG).

[0007] The VoIP gateway, developed to form the VoIP network, is interlocked with a digital interface (E1/T1) or an analog interface (FXO, FXS, or E&M) of a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) or a key phone system. The E1/T1, aboard mounted on the controller, is used when the VoIP gateway is connected to an extension line E1 or T1. The E1 and the T1 are well-known high-speed digital lines supporting transmission rates of 2.048 Mbps and 1.544 Mbps, respectively. While the E1/T1 or E&M provides a bi-directional service for supporting both transmission and reception functions, the FXS and the FXO supporting a unidirectional service have limitations in providing services. That is, when it is assumed that each of the FXS and the FXO can provide an eight-port service because the number of incoming calls is eight and the number of outgoing calls is eight, a total of 16 channels are supported. However, the number of channels that can serve the outgoing calls is restricted to eight. That is, it is not possible to use all of the 16 channels for the outgoing calls. Also, when the legacy PBX or the key phone system that has only an FXO is used according to the state of a site, the legacy PBX or the key phone system must be expanded or exchanged in order to manage the VoIP network using the above interfaces.

[0008] A VoIP network includes a common legacy PBX or key phone system that has an FXO and an FXS. The E1/T1 digital interface (or trunk) supporting both the transmission and reception functions or the E&M analog interface is used to establish the VoIP network interlocked with the legacy PBX or the key phone system using the VoIP gateway. In the case of an interface using an FXS and an FXO, the FXS supports a reception function, while the FXO supports a transmission function. Therefore, the legacy PBX or the key phone system that has both the FXS and the FXO is connected to the FXO and the FXS of the VoIP gateway to perform a VoIP service.

[0009] However, when the legacy PBX or the key phone system has only the FXO, it cannot support both transmission and reception functions. This is because the FXO and the FXS are unidirectional. For example, when a subscriber in a first region tries to transmit a call to the FXS of the VoIP gateway using the FXO of the key phone system in the VoIP network including the FXO/FXS analog interfaces, a call setup signal is converted into a VoIP packet and is transmitted to a VoIP gateway in a second region. The call transmitted to the FXO of the VoIP gateway terminates at the FXS of the legacy PBX. Therefore, if the PBX or the key phone system in the second region does not have an FXO, the transmitted call cannot terminate.

[0010] The legacy PBX and the key phone system supporting a direct inward dial (DID) numbering function can operate as if the incoming call is terminated at the FXO. However, because a VoIP gateway transfers a VoIP incoming call to the FXO, a function of transferring the VoIP incoming call to the FXS is required in order to interface with the legacy PBX and the key phone system without the FXO. Also, in order to transmit a call to an appropriate FXS of the VoIP gateway, digits received from a caller party must be translated so as to be suitable for a called party.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway for supporting VoIP calls of an exchange having only a foreign exchange office (FXO), such as a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) or a key phone system, and a method for controlling the same.

[0012] To achieve the above and other objects, there is provided a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway comprising a foreign exchange office (FXO), a foreign exchange station (FXS), and a VoIP processor. A controller of the VoIP gateway sets the VoIP gateway to either a TANDEM (trunk and ENM (ear and mouth)) mode or a standalone mode. In the TANDEM mode, the VoIP gateway transmits an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXO and an outgoing call from the FXS to the VoIP processor. In the standalone mode, the VoIP gateway transmits the incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXS and the outgoing call from the FXS to the VoIP.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] A more complete appreciation of the invention, and many of the attendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate the same or similar components, and wherein:

[0014]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway;

[0015]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a VoIP network using a foreign exchange office (FXO) and a foreign exchange station (FXS);

[0016]FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first exemplary structure of a VoIP network using a key phone system or a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) that has only the FXO, to which the present invention is applied;

[0017]FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a mode setting procedure of a VoIP gateway according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018]FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control operation of the VoIP gateway according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0019]FIG. 6 is a VoIP routing table used for the present invention; and

[0020]FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second exemplary structure of a VoIP network using a key phone system or a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) that has only the FXO, to which the present invention is applied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0021] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same reference numerals.

[0022]FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of the VoIP gateway. A foreign exchange office (FXO) 51, typically implemented in the form of a board, provides an office line interface for an exchange. A foreign exchange station (FXS) 52, also implemented in the form of a board, provides an extension line interface. A VoIP processor 54, also implemented in the form of a board, converts audio data received from the PSTN into data used in the IP network. A controller 53 in the form of a media gateway control board (MGCB) controls the FXO 51, the FXS 52, and the VoIP processor 54, thereby totally controlling the entire operation of the VoIP gateway (VG).

[0023] The VoIP gateway, developed to form the VoIP network, is interlocked with a digital interface (E1/T1) or an analog interface (FXO, FXS, or E&M) of a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) or a key phone system. The E1/T1, a board mounted on the controller 53, is used when the VoIP gateway is connected to an extension line E1 or T1. The E1 and the T1 are well-known high-speed digital lines supporting transmission rates of 2.048 Mbps and 1.544 Mbps, respectively. While the E1/T1 or E&M provides a bi-directional service for supporting both transmission and reception functions, the FXS and the FXO supporting a unidirectional service have limitations in providing services. That is, when it is assumed that each of the FXS and the FXO can provide an eight-port service because the number of incoming calls is eight and the number of outgoing calls is eight, a total of 16 channels are supported. However, the number of channels that can serve the outgoing calls is restricted to eight. That is, it is not possible to use all of the 16 channels for the outgoing calls. Also, when the legacy PBX or the key phone system that has only an FXO is used according to the state of a site, the legacy PBX or the key phone system must be expanded or exchanged in order to manage the VoIP network using the above interfaces.

[0024]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a VoIP network including a common legacy PBX or key phone system KP that has an FXO 42 and an FXS 41. The E1/T1 digital interface (or trunk) supporting both the transmission and reception functions or the E&M analog interface is used to establish the VoIP network interlocked with the legacy PBX or the key phone system KP using the VoIP gateway VGa. In the case of an interface using an FXS and an FXO, the FXS supports a reception function, while the FXO supports a transmission function. Therefore, the legacy PBX or the key phone system KP that has both the FXS 41 and the FXO 42 is connected to the FXO 51 a and the FXS 52 b of the VoIP gateway VGa as shown in FIG. 2, thereby performing a VoIP service.

[0025] However, when the legacy PBX or the key phone system KP has only an FXO, it cannot support both transmission and reception functions. This is because the FXO 51 a and the FXS 52 b are unidirectional. For example, when a subscriber TEL1 in a first region tries to transmit a call to the FXS 52 b of the VoIP gateway VGa using the FXO 42 of the key phone system KP in the VoIP network including the FXO/FXS analog interfaces, a call setup signal is converted into a VoIP packet and is transmitted to a VoIP gateway VGb in a second region. The call transmitted to the FXO 53 b of the VoIP gateway VGb terminates at the FXS 61 of the legacy PBX. Therefore, if the PBX in the second region does not have an FXS, or if the key phone system in the second region does not have an FXO, the transmitted call cannot terminate.

[0026] A legacy PBX and a key phone system supporting a direct inward dial (DID) numbering function can operate as if the incoming call is terminated at the FXO. However, because a VoIP gateway transfers a VoIP incoming call to the FXO, a function of transferring the VoIP incoming call to the FXS is required in order to interface with the legacy PBX and the key phone system without the FXO. Also, in order to transmit a call to an appropriate FXS of the VoIP gateway, digits received from a caller party must be translated so as to be suitable for a called party.

[0027] A voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway according to an embodiment of the present invention has the same structure as shown in FIG. 1. However, the detailed operation wherein controller 53 controls foreign exchange office (FXO) 51, foreign exchange station (FXS) 52, and VoIP processor 54 is different. This is the core of the present invention.

[0028] The VoIP gateway according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used in a standalone mode as well as in a well-known TANDEM (trunk and ENM (ear and mouth)) mode. That is, the VoIP gateway can be used in either the standalone mode or in the TANDEM mode. The two modes are set in response to an external command by a user. The standalone mode is defined to support the VoIP call of a legacy private branch exchange (PBX) or a key phone system that has only an FXO.

[0029]FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first exemplary structure of a VoIP network using a key phone system or a legacy PBX that has only an FXO, to which the present invention is applied.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 3, in a legacy PBX or a key phone system (hereinafter, a key phone system) KP1 that has only an FXO 42, the FXO 42 is connected to an FXS 52 c of a VoIP gateway VGc, which is different from the common VoIP gateway connection method. Therefore, in order to transfer a call originated by a subscriber telephone TEL2 in a second region to the FXS 52 c of the VoIP gateway VGc in a first region so as to transmit it to the key phone system KP1, the mode of the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region must be set so as to be different from the mode of the VoIP gateway VGd in the second region. That is, the VoIP gateway VGd in the second region must be set to a TANDEM mode and the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region must be set to the standalone mode.

[0031] In the TANDEM mode, an incoming call is transmitted from a VoIP processor 54 d to the FXO 51 d (E1/T1 or E&M) and an outgoing call is transmitted from the FXS 52 d to the VoIP processor 54 d. To be specific, when the subscriber telephone TEL2 in the second region tries to set Up a call, the call is connected to an FXS 52 d of the VoIP gateway VGd through an FXO 62 of the legacy PBX. The call is converted into a VoIP call and reaches the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region through the network. At this time, the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region is in the standalone mode.

[0032] The VoIP gateway VGc in the first region transmits an incoming VoIP call from VoIP processor 54 c to the FXS 52 c, and then to the FXO 42 of the key phone system KP1, so that a VoIP call between the subscribers in the first and second regions TEL1 and TEL2, respectively, can be set up. In order to transfer the incoming VoIP call to the FXS 52 c of the VoIP gateway VGc, the incoming VoIP call must be terminated at the designated number of the FXS (a corresponding extension number). Therefore, digit translation for transmitting a call from the VoIP gateway VGd in the second region to the FXS 52 c of the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region is performed. This is because the specific FXS number of the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region is different from the actual subscriber number of the key phone system KP1.

[0033]FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a mode setting procedure of a VoIP gateway according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, a controller 53 c performs an initialization upon power-on or re-booting of the key phone system. Thereafter, in steps 4 a thru 4 c, the controller 53 c checks whether cards (boards) exist, and sets the VoIP gateway VGc to the TANDEM mode or the standalone mode according to the results of the check. To be specific, controller 53 c determines whether the FXS exists in step 4 a. When the FXS exists, controller 53 c determines whether the FXO exists in step 4 b. When the FXO exists, the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the TANDEM mode in step 4 d. When it is determined in step 4 b that the FXO does not exist, controller 53 c determines in step 4 c whether E1/T1/PRI exists. When the E1/T1/PRI exists, the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the TANDEM mode in step 4 d. When the E1/T1/PRI does not exist, the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the standalone mode in step 4 e.

[0034] In the case of the VoIP gateway VGc shown in FIG. 3, because the key phone system KP1 has only the FXO 42, it requires only the FXS 52 c. Therefore, an FXO or an E1/T1/PRI is not included. Accordingly, the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the standalone mode in the mode setting step.

[0035] However, in the case of the VoIP gateway VGd, because the legacy PBX has both an FXS 61 and an FXO 62, the VoIP gateway VGd must include an FXO 5 1 d and an FXS 52 d. Therefore, the VoIP gateway VGd is set to the TANDEM mode in the mode setting step.

[0036]FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control operation of the VoIP gateway according to an embodiment of the present invention. A description will be made of an operation of the VoIP gateway when it is set to the standalone mode. For the sake of convenience, it is assumed that the VoIP gateway VGc of FIG. 3 operates in this way. In the case of the incoming call, the VoIP gateway VGc operates in the order of step 5 a→step 5 b→step 5 c→step 5 e→step 5 f.

[0037] When an arbitrary call is originated, the controller 53 c of the VoIP gateway VGc senses the call in step 5 a. The controller 53 c checks whether the originated call is an incoming call in step 5 b. As shown in FIG. 3, the incoming call is transmitted from the counterpart subscriber telephone TEL2 and is received through a public switched telephone network (PSTN), the legacy PBX and a VoIP processor 54 d of the VoIP gateway VGd.

[0038] When it is determined that the originated call is an incoming call, the controller 53 c checks in step 5 c as to whether the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the TANDEM mode. When it is determined that the VoIP gateway VGc is not set to the TANDEM mode, the controller 53 c determines in step 5 e whether the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the standalone mode. When it is determined that the VoIP gateway VGc is set to the standalone mode, the process proceeds to step 5 f where the controller 53 c transmits the call received through a VoIP processor 54 c to the FXS 52 c. The call output to the FXS 52 c is transmitted to a key telephone set (KTS).

[0039] In the case of an outgoing call, the VoIP gateway VGc operates in the order of step 5 a→step 5 b→step 5 g. When it is determined in step 5 b that the originated call is not an incoming call because the call is an outgoing call transmitted from the key phone KP 1 to the FXS 52 c, the process proceeds to step 5 g where the controller 53 c transmits the outgoing call to the Internet network through the VoIP processor 54 c.

[0040] Next, a description will be provided for an operation of the VoIP gateway when it is set to the TANDEM mode. The two gateways VoIP gateways VGa and VGb of FIG. 2 and the VoIP gateway VGd of FIG. 3 operate in this way. In the case of an incoming call, the VoIP gateways VGa, VGb, and VGd operate in the order of step 5 a→step 5 b→step 5 c→step 5 d. In the case of an outgoing call, the VoIP gateways VGa, VGb, and VGd operate in the order of step 5 a→step 5 b→step 5 g as when the VoIP gateway is in the standalone mode.

[0041]FIG. 6 is a VoIP routing table used for the present invention. The VoIP routing table of FIG. 6 is required to translate digits for call termination to the FXS 52 c of the VoIP gateway VGc connected to the key phone system or the legacy PBX KP1 that has only an FXO in the VoIP network of FIG. 3.

[0042]FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second exemplary structure of the VoIP network using the key phone system or the legacy PBX that has only the FXO, to which the present invention is applied.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 7, the number of subscribers belonging to one region (gateway) is eight. Each of the subscribers has one of the extension numbers from 201 to 208. Although subscribers in different regions have the same extension number, the regions to which the respective subscribers belong are identified by IP tables (see FIG. 6). In the embodiment of the present invention, all of the IP tables of subscribers 1100 thru 1199 in the first region are 1, and the real address of the IP tables is 168.219.79.140. The IP tables of subscribers 1000 through 1099 in the third region are all 0, and the real address of the IP tables is 168.219.80.100.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 7, key phone systems KP_(—)1 and KP_(—)2 that have only an FXO are connected to VoIP gateways VGc and VGe, respectively, which are in the standalone mode. When the subscriber in the second region TEL2 tries to call the subscriber in the first region, the telephone number of the subscriber in the first region is one of 1100, 1101, . . . and 1199. Because the key phone system KP_(—)1 has only FXO 42 _(—)1, the key phone system KP_(—)1 must interface with the FXS 52 c of the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region. Therefore, in order to terminate the incoming VoIP call at the FXS 52 c without bypassing the incoming VoIP call to the FXO 51 c of the VoIP gateway VGc in the first region, the mode of the VoIP gateway VGc is switched to the standalone mode.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 6, because the FXS numbers of the VoIP gateway VGc operating in the standalone mode are 201, 202, . . . and 208 (in the case of an eight-port FXS), the telephone number (the digits) transmitted by the subscriber telephone in the second region TEL2 must be translated into the FXS numbers so that the VoIP gateway VGc can transmit a call to the FXS 52 c. In order to perform such a job, the VoIP gateway VGd in the second region translates the telephone numbers 1100, 1101, . . . and 1199 received by the caller into corresponding ones of the extension numbers 201, 202, . . . and 208 of the FXS 52 c as shown in FIG. 6.

[0046] In the case of an office whose headquarters exists in the second region and whose branches exist in the first region and the third region, when the subscriber telephone number of the first region does not overlap the subscriber telephone number of the third region, it is possible to effectively translate the E. 164 into the IP address according to the respective access codes as shown in FIG. 6 using the VoIP routing table in the VoIP gateway in the second region when a subscriber in the second region tries to set up a call with respect to a subscriber in the first region or the third region.

[0047] In FIG. 6, when a subscriber in the third region or the first region tries to set up a call with respect to a subscriber in the second region, in the case of the subscriber in the second region TEL2, the VoIP gateway VGd is connected to the legacy PBX that has both FXO 61 and FXS 62. Therefore, the VoIP gateway VGd operates in the TANDEM mode. Accordingly, digit translation is not necessary.

[0048] As mentioned above, according to the present invention, the VoIP gateway can be used in the TANDEM mode or in the standalone mode as needed. Therefore, it is possible to easily realize the VoIP gateway system. That is, in the case of using a legacy PBX or key phone system that supports only the FXO, it is possible to support the FXS interface without additional equipment by setting the VoIP gateway to the standalone mode. Accordingly, it is possible to improve efficiency of the VoIP gateway system and to reduce expenses.

[0049] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention should not be limited to the described preferred embodiment. Rather, various changes and modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) gateway, comprising: a foreign exchange office (FXO); a foreign exchange station (FXS); a VoIP processor; and controller means for setting the VoIP gateway to one of a TANDEM (trunk and ENM (ear and mouth)) mode and a standalone mode, for transmitting an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXO and an outgoing call from the FXS to the VoIP processor in the TANDEM mode, and for transmitting an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXS and an outgoing call from the FXS to the VoIP in the standalone mode.
 2. The VoIP gateway of claim 1, wherein the VoIP processor comprises a routing table for translating digits received from a calling party into an extension number, said routing table comprising access code information, insert digits and Internet protocol information.
 3. A method for providing a VoIP call between a first VoIP gateway and a second VoIP gateway, said first VoIP gateway including an FXO, an FXS and a VoIP processor, and being connected to an exchange, the method comprising the steps of: (a) sensing origination of the VoIP call; (b) determining whether an originated call is an incoming call or an outgoing call; (c) determining whether the VoIP gateway is set to a standalone mode or a TANDEM mode when the originated call is an incoming call; (d) transmitting the incoming call from the second VoIP gateway through the VoIP processor to the FXS when the VoIP gateway is set to the standalone mode; and (e) when the originated call is an outgoing call, transmitting the outgoing call to the second VoIP gateway through the VoIP processor.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the incoming call provided to the FXS in step (d) is transmitted to an FXO of the exchange.
 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of transmitting the incoming call received from the second VoIP gateway through the VoIP processor to the FXO when the VoIP gateway is set to the TANDEM mode.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the incoming call provided to the FXO is transmitted to an FXS of the exchange.
 7. A VoIP gateway system, comprising: a first exchange having an FXO; a second exchange having an FXO and an FXS; a first VoIP gateway set to a standalone mode, the first VoIP gateway including an FXS connected to the FXO of the first exchange; a second VoIP gateway set to a TANDEM mode, the second VoIP gateway including an FXO connected to the FXS of the second exchange and an FXS connected to the FXO of the second exchange; and an IP network for connecting the first and second VoIP gateways to each other.
 8. The VoIP gateway system of claim 7, wherein the first exchange is a key phone system and the second exchange is a legacy private branch exchange (PBX).
 9. The VoIP gateway system of claim 7, wherein the second VoIP gateway comprises a routing table for translating digits received from a calling party into an extension number, said routing table comprising access code information, insert digits and Internet protocol information.
 10. A VoIP gateway system, comprising: first and third exchanges, each having an FXO; a second exchange having an FXO and an FXS; a first VoIP gateway set to a standalone mode, said first VoIP gateway including an FXS connected to the FXO of the first exchange; a second VoIP gateway set to a TANDEM mode, said second VoIP gateway including an FXO connected to the FXS of the second exchange and an FXS connected to the FXO of the second exchange; a third VoIP gateway set to the standalone mode, said third VoIP gateway including an FXS connected to the FXO of the third exchange; and an IP network for connecting the first, second, and third VoIP gateways to each other.
 11. The VoIP gateway system of claim 10, wherein the first and third exchanges are key phone systems and the second exchange is a legacy PBX.
 12. The VoIP gateway system of claim 10, wherein the second VoIP gateway comprises a routing table for translating digits received from a calling party into an extension number, said routing table comprising access code information of subscribers registered in the first and third exchanges, insert digits and Internet protocol information.
 13. A VoIP gateway, comprising: an FXO; an FXS; a VoIP processor; and controller means for performing initialization upon occurrence of one of power on and rebooting of the VoIP gateway, for determining whether FXO and FXS cards are mounted therein, for setting the VoIP gateway to a standalone mode when only the FXS card is mounted therein, and for transmitting an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXS card, and for transmitting an outgoing call from the FXO card to the VoIP processor.
 14. The VoIP gateway of claim 13, wherein the controller sets the VoIP gateway to a TANDEM mode when both the FXS card and the FXO card are mounted therein, and transmits an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXO card and an outgoing call from the FXS card to the VoIP processor.
 15. The VoIP gateway of claim 13, wherein the controller sets the VoIP gateway to a TANDEM mode when an E1/T1/PRI card is mounted therein, and transmits an incoming call from the VoIP processor to the FXO card and an outgoing call from the FXS card to the VoIP processor. 